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We had this assignment in our Economics subject and I thought it would be great if I share this to you. This is all about the agrarian reform of the Philippines including its salient features, policies and etc.
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform of 1988
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, created through Republic Act No. 6657 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988, is a State policy that promotes the rights and welfare of landless Filipino farmers and farm workers, as well as social justice, in pursuit of sound rural development and industrialization. It is established to help landless Filipino farmers to own directly or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of farm workers, to have a share of the fruits harvested or produced.
Salient Feature of carp R.A. 6657
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION
ART. XIII – SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Sec. 4. The State shall by law, undertake an agrarian reform program founded on the right of farmers and regular farm workers, who are landless, to own directly, or indirectly, the lands they till, or in case of other farm-workers, to receive a just share of the fruits thereof. To this end, the State shall encourage and undertake the just distribution of all agricultural lands, subjects to such priorities and reasonable retention limits as the Congress may prescribe, taking into account ecological, developmental, or equity considerations and subject to the payment of just compensation. In determining small landowners, the State shall respect the right of small landowners. The State shall further provide incentives for voluntary land sharing.
Republic Act No. 6657
Chapter 1-Sec. 2: Declaration of Principles
It is the policy of the State to pursue a Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program (CARP). The welfare of the landless farmers and farm workers will
receive the highest consideration to promote social justice…move the nation
toward sound rural development and industrialization.
To this end, a more equitable distribution and ownership of land, with due
regard to the rights of landowners to just compensation and to the ecological
needs of the nation.
The agrarian reform program is founded on the right of the farmers and
regular farm workers who are landless.
Chapter 1-Sec. 3: Definitions
Agrarian reform means the redistribution of lands regardless of crops or fruits produced to farmers and regular farm workers who are landless, irrespective of tenurial arrangement…
Agricultural Land refers to land devoted to agricultural activity as defined in this act and not classified as mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land…
Farmer refers to a natural person whose primary livelihood is cultivation of land or the production of agricultural crops…whether the land is owned by him, or by another person under a leasehold or share tenancy…
Farm worker is a natural person who renders services for value as an employee or laborer in an agricultural enterprise or farm regardless of whether his compensation is paid daily, weekly, monthly or “pakyaw†basis…
Chapter II-Sec. 7: Priorities
Phase One:
Rice and corn lands under Presidential Decree No. 27; all idle lands or abandoned lands; all private lands voluntarily offered by the owners for agrarian reform; all lands foreclosed by government financial institutions; all lands acquired by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG); and all other lands owned by the government devoted to or suitable for agriculture, which shall be acquired and distributed immediately upon the effectively of this Act, with the implementation to be completed within a period of not more than four years.
Phase Two:
All alienable and disposable public agricultural lands, all arable public agricultural lands under agro-forest, pasture and agricultural leases already cultivated and planted to crops in accordance with Section 6, Article XIII of the Constitution; all public agricultural lands which are to be opened for new development and resettlement.
Phase Three:
All other private agricultural lands commencing with large landholdings and proceedings to medium and small landholdings under the following schedule:
a) Landholdings above 24 hectares up to 50 hectares, to begin on the 4th year from the effectively of this Act and to be completed within 3 years; and
b) Landholdings from the retention limit up to 24 hectares, to begin on the 6th year from the effectively of this Act and to be completed within 4 years; to implement principally the right of farmers and regular farm workers who are landless, to own directly or collectively the lands they till.
COMPENSATION TO LAND OWNERS
The compensation shall be paid in one of the following modes, at the option of the landowner:
1. Cash payment under given certain terms and conditions;
2. Shares of stock in GOCC, LBP preferred shares;
3. Physical assets or other qualified investments in accordance with guidelines set by the
Presidential Agrarian Reform Council;
4. Tax credits; and
5. LBP bonds with given features
LAND REDISTRIBUTION (From Chapter VII-Sec. 22)
Qualified Beneficiaries – The lands covered by the CARP shall be distributed as much as possible to landless residents of the same barangay or in the absence thereof, landless residents of the same municipality in the following order of priority:
a. Agricultural lessees and share tenants;
b. Regular farm workers;
c. Seasonal farm workers;
d. Other farm workers;
e. Actual tillers or occupants of public lands;
f. Collective or cooperatives of the above beneficiaries; and
g. Others directly working on the land.
SUPPORT SERVICES
Support Services Office under the DAR to be headed by an Undersecretary
1. Irrigation facilities
2. Infrastructure development and public works projects
3. Government subsidies for the use of irrigation facilities;
4. Price support and guarantee for all agricultural produce;
5. Credit for agro-industrialization;
6. Extending financial assistance to small and medium-scale industries;
7. Assigning sufficient numbers of agricultural extension workers to farmers’ organizations
SOURCES of FINANCING (From Chapter XIV-Sec. 63)
Proceeds of the sales of the Assets Privatization Trust;
b) All receipts from assets recovered and from sale of ill-gotten wealth recovered
through the Presidential Commission on Good Government;
c) Proceeds of the disposition of the properties of the Government in foreign countries;
d) Portion of amounts accruing to the Philippines from all source of official aid grants
and confessional financing from all countries, to be specific purposes of financing
production credits, infrastructures, and other support services required by this Act;
e) Other government funds not otherwise appropriated.
