INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal communication is a powerful form of communication that occurs within an individual. This level of communication is also called self-talk, self-verbalization, self-instruction, inner thought, and inner dialogue (Balzer-Riley).
Nurses should be aware of the nature and content of their thinking and try to replace the negative, self-defeating thoughts with positive assertions. Positive self-talk can be used as a tool to improve the nurse’s or client’s health and self-esteem. In forms such as guided imagery, it can be used to enhance coping and reduce stress.
Nurses and clients can use intrapersonal communication to develop self-awareness and a positive self-concept that will enhance appropriate self-expression.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Interpersonal communication is one-to-one communication between the nurse and another person that often occurs face to face. It is the level most frequently used in nursing situation and lies at the heart of nursing practice. Since meaning resides in persons and not in words, message received maybe different from messages intended. Nurses work with people with different opinions , experiences, values, and belief systems, so meaning must be validated or mutually negotiated between participants.
TRANSPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Transpersonal communication is interaction that occurs within a person’s spiritual domain. Many persons use prayer, meditation, guided reflection, religious rituals, or other means to communicate with their higher “powerâ€.
Sellers and Haag (1998) found that nurses enhance the spirituality of the clients and their families through prayer; active listening and therapeutic communication; conveying acceptance, respect, and a non-judgmental attitude; instilling hope; and using presence and touch. Brown Saltzman(1997) reviewed nursing literature and also found that meditative prayers and prayers of silence are effective approaches the nurse can use in caring for self and others.
SMALL-GROUP COMMUNICATION
Small-group communication is interaction that occurs when a small number of persons meet together. This type of communication is usually goal directed and requires an understanding of group dynamics.
Small groups are more effective when they are a workable size, have an appropriate meeting place, suitable setting arrangements, and cohesiveness and commitment among group members (Hybels and Weaver, 1998).



